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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long track record of robust response, good tolerance and safety throughout the entire lifespan. It is essential to choose a medication and dosage that can ease your child's or your own symptoms without causing adverse effects. This often takes a lot of trial and error, as well as open dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. Students and workers, athletes, artists, and others use them to boost their cognitive performance and performance. They are also used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and other stimulant medications are the most frequently used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every four hours, as needed. They can cause sudden, temporary decrease in energy known as a crash when they are worn off. The crash can trigger extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications can also raise blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is particularly true when they do not consume enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release their active ingredients over a period of 8-16 hours. This kind of medication could be prescribed by your physician in case you're seeking long-lasting relief from symptoms without taking pills several times a day. Methylphenidate products in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another option is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana that adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This type of medication can be prescribed to adults with ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than immediate-release alternatives. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine. They do this by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and helps messages between neurons be more efficiently transmitted and received. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent option for people with depression or anxiety. These medications are often combined with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Your doctor may change between stimulant and non-stimulant drug if your current medication isn't working or has an unacceptably adverse effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70%-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus during conversations or in tasks. They can also improve the quality of work and social skills. The stimulant medication starts working as soon as it crosses the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine within brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules that are Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger negative side effects, such as nausea, loss of appetite and increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants like Strattera or Wellbutrin, are effective day and night. Short-acting medicines only last for a short period of time. They can also be used to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. The medications affect the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine inside the brain, along with other neurotransmitters. When these chemicals aren't eliminated, they stay in your body for longer and affect your behavior and mental state. Long-acting medications can have lesser negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses that you consume throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended-release versions that you can take once a day. This can be more convenient for some adults, however it's crucial to remember to take them every day. Other medications have been shown to be effective for many adults with ADHD such as selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are typically prescribed to treat anxiety or depression but can be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people respond to these medications. Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects such as hearing ringing anxiety, a change to vision and lung and heart function in some people. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These are two chemicals that aid people in focusing and control their behavior. They are available in many forms, and each has its own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medicines, methylphenidates and amphetamines. They have the same effects, however their duration of action differs. The methylphenidates have shorter-lasting effects; they can last up to three hours, whereas the amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Certain people are tolerant of stimulant drugs better than others, which is why your doctor might prescribe them. It is crucial to know everything you can about the drug and its possible side effects, how often it is recommended to take it and any special warnings that should be heeded. This will help you and your physician determine the best medication for you. You should also understand that these medications may cause some negative side effects, including problems sleeping or a loss of appetite. Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects. You may need to alter your dosage or even try a different medication. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant medicines, which take longer to get started but can improve the ability of a person to focus and manage impulses. These medications can be prescribed either in combination or on their own. The first one is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that increases norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv is part of the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. These work by blocking the release of these brain chemicals, and increasing their level in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants and depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs have a calming effect on the brain and can reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination can be dangerous if not properly used. Combining adult add medications at simultaneously increases the risk of developing serotonin-related syndrome, which is a drug emergency that occurs when the body is flooded with too many serotonin. This combination can also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. Heart disease sufferers or those with high blood pressure are at greater risk of developing adverse effects from this medication. Combinations of stimulants are more and more being used by teenagers and young adults. These drugs, which are sold in pharmacies, are referred to by the term “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol and other substances. Polydrug use can be dangerous. Mixing drugs can cause unpredictably harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slow breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, and addiction. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD according to a study. Combining medications improved adherence, and allowed patients to achieve more relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However some patients halted their treatment because of side effects. In a few instances it was reported that the medication was withdrawn due to sleep issues or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or a lack of medication. Nonstimulants are an alternative treatment for ADHD. These medications can be effective in enhancing the ability to focus and impulse control however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are also less likely to block growth and affect appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however they have a lower chance of enhancing concentration and focus. In a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate, gave better results than any drug on its own. The combination of these two medications was found to improve adherence and reduce adverse effects in the majority of people. The combination proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable solution for children with severe ADHD.